Hyaluronic Acid and Gastric Support in Horses

Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Ally for Gastric Health

In recent years, hyaluronic acid (HA) has gained recognition far beyond skincare and joint health. Studies are now uncovering its role in supporting mucosal regeneration — especially in the stomach.

The gastric mucosa is a vital protective layer that shields the stomach from acid and mechanical stress. Maintaining this barrier is crucial for animals with high gastric sensitivity — such as horses. HA has emerged as a compound of interest in this context. It contributes not only to maintaining hydration and tissue elasticity but also to cellular signaling and immune modulation.

What Science Says About HA and Mucosal Repair

A 2025 study published in the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules investigated the interaction between hyaluronic acid and mucin, the main component of the gastric mucus layer. In acidic conditions, HA-based microparticles showed strong mucoadhesive properties, effectively binding to mucin and forming a stable, hydrating film on the gastric surface.

This mucoadhesive effect helps protect the tissue and maintain moisture — two key elements for regeneration. The same study noted that combining HA with alginates further enhances the duration and coverage of this protective action. These findings are particularly relevant for equine physiology, where the stomach produces acid continuously — not only during feeding, but even during rest and transport.

In horses, this continuous acid production increases the risk of mucosal erosion, particularly in the squamous region of the stomach. That’s why barrier-supporting strategies — including HA-based supplements — are gaining scientific and commercial interest.

Beyond barrier formation, hyaluronic acid is increasingly appreciated for its immunomodulatory effects. Specifically, HA may influence macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype — a type of immune response associated with tissue repair rather than inflammation.

Why It Matters for Horses

Horses are highly susceptible to gastric disturbances due to their unique digestive physiology. Unlike humans, they have a relatively small stomach and lack a gallbladder, which means they are adapted for grazing — eating small amounts of food constantly. Long periods without forage, high-starch diets, intense training, or frequent travel can disrupt the mucosal barrier and lead to ulcers.

When Should HA Be Used?

Hyaluronic acid may be beneficial in a variety of situations where the gastric mucosa is at risk or undergoing recovery. In equine practice, the following are among the most common use cases:

• During intense training – Physical exertion increases intra-abdominal pressure and cortisol, which may affect mucosal defense.
• Post-ulcer treatment – After pharmaceutical therapy (e.g. omeprazole), HA may support mucosal recovery and reduce the risk of relapse.
• During feed or stable changes – Environmental or nutritional transitions often lead to temporary loss of appetite and increased acid exposure.
• In high-performance or traveling horses – Stress from transport, competition, or changes in routine can heighten ulcer risk.
• As preventive support in sensitive individuals – Some horses have recurrent gastric issues despite good management; HA may offer long-term maintenance support.

When Not to Use It

Hyaluronic acid is generally regarded as a safe and well-tolerated compound, especially when used orally for gastric support. Its effects are largely local, acting on the mucosal surface rather than systemically.

In rare cases, hypersensitivity reactions may occur — typically mild and self-limiting. Although unlikely, it’s worth observing the horse during the first days of supplementation for any signs of intolerance (e.g. reduced appetite or unusual behavior). Gelled HA carries minimal allergy risk.

Synergy with Other Ingredients

To optimize results, HA is often combined with complementary ingredients that offer mucosal soothing, antioxidant protection, or anti-inflammatory effects. Common synergists include:

• Alginates – Form a floating gel barrier that protects the upper stomach lining from acid splash.
• Aloe – Rich in polysaccharides and antioxidants, it supports epithelial healing and has mild anti-inflammatory action.
• Flaxseed (linseed) – Provides mucilage that enhances local lubrication and coats the gastric lining.
• Vitamin B5 and B12 – Involved in epithelial cell regeneration and energy metabolism.

When combined thoughtfully, these ingredients address not only acid-related damage but also the inflammatory and regenerative processes of the gastric lining — making the intervention more holistic and effective.

Summary

Hyaluronic acid is gaining recognition as more than a cosmetic or joint-support agent. Its ability to bind moisture, adhere to mucosal surfaces, and influence local immune responses makes it highly relevant in the context of gastric health — particularly for horses.

As part of a comprehensive approach that includes diet, management, and possibly pharmaceutical treatment, HA-based supplements may contribute to:

• Faster recovery after mucosal injury
• Enhanced barrier protection during stress
• Greater resilience against ulcer recurrence

While more clinical trials in equine populations are needed, the foundational data from in vitro and rodent models, combined with practical experience from the field, strongly support HA’s inclusion in targeted gastrointestinal support regimens.

Reference

Sposito L. et al., Nano-in-microparticles approach: Targeted gastric ulcer therapy using hyaluronic acid and alginate microparticles, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141010